Art of making hot-pressed nut-blanks.



1. A. COSTELLO.

ART 0F MAKING HOT PRESSED NUT BLANKS. APPLICATION FILED FEB. ls. |913.

- Patented Dec. 17, 1918. El' 7 e A 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

yWmW/ W/ a G: l Il f y y fh lElli-hv l ART OF MAKING rHO'.IJBESSIII)NUT-BLANKS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 17, 1918.

Application led February 16, 1918. Serial No. 217,698. l

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOSEPH A. Cosfrnmio, aoitizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county ofCuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvementin the Art of Making Hot- Pressed Nut-Blanks, of which the following isa specification.

This invention relates to an improvement in the art of makinghot-pressed or forged hexagonal nut-blanks which have substantially thesame diameter between any two diametrically opposite corners thereof,and pertains more especially to a process in earrying out which itwillhereinafter be observed that the hot metal piece employed in,producing the desired nut-blank is hexagonal in cross-section andsmaller than said nut-blank in cross-section, that said piece isinclosed circumferentially of its range of movement while being operatedon and pressure'is exerted against only the central portion of one endface of said piece while supporting the other end face of said piece soas to form a bore extending endwise of said piece from thefirst-mentioned face in the direction of the second-mentioned face andso as to displace metal from said piece in the opposite direction at theouter portion of the first-mentioned face, that upon the formation ofsaid bore pressure against the aforesaid central portion of thefirst-men tioned face is removed and metal which has been displaced inthe second-mentioned direction at the outerportion of thefirst-mentioned face is forced in the first-mentioned direction whilesupporting the surrounding wall of said bore and while supportingthesecond-mentioned face, that thereupon pressure is removed from the outerportion of the first-mentioned face and support is removed from saidwall, and that finally pressure is exerted against only the centralportion of said second-mentioned face and in line endwise with said borewhile holding the hot piece at the outerportion of the firstmentionedface againstmovement in the second-mentioned direction so as to separatesaid metal from the remainder of the hot piece and thereby complete theformation of a hole extending endwise of and through the resulting blankwhile the second-mentioned face is unsupported circumferentially of saidhole and while the first-mentioned face is supported circumferentiallyof said hole. V

The primary object of thisinventi'on' is` to simplify and facilitate themanufacture of forged hexagonal nut-blanks which are ready tobescrew-threaded internally as required -to form finished nuts and in thelbest TaTEs PATENT Aomarmt.,

possible condition for the, production of per-.

feet hexagonal nuts.

Vith this object in view, and'to attain any other object hereinafterappearing, this invention consists in the steps or process hereinafterIdescribed in this specification, and pointed out in the claims.

Apparatus suitable for use in carrying out my improved process isillust-rated in the accompanying drawings in which Figures 1, 2

and Il are "ertical sections of said apparatus.V

Figs. 4 and 5 are transverse sections taken along the lines 4 4 and 5 5,respectively, Fig. '2, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.Fig. 6 is a transverse section taken along the line 6 6, Fig. 3, lookingin the direction indicated by the arrow; Figs. 7, 8, 9 and l() arevertical sections of said apparatus. Fig. 11 is a. transverse sectiontaken along the line 11-11. Fig. 8. Fig. 12 is a transverse sectiontaken along the line 12-12, Fig. 1o.

Referring to said drawings, A indicates a stationary die providedinteriorly with a bore a which is hexagonal in cross-section and extendsendwise of and through the die and is adapted to receive a hexagonal hotmetal piece B which is to be pressed or forged into an hexagonalnut-blank having the external shape and dimensions of a finishedhexagonal nut. The bore a therefore forms a. chamber which is hexagonalin cross-section. as shown in Figs. 4. 5, 6, 11 and 12. to conform tothe external contcur of said hexagonal nut in cross-section and hassubstantially the same diameter between any two diametrically oppositecorners thereof. The die A is rendered statonary in any approved manner.

And endwise movable plunger, which comprises a tubular member vC and asolid member D arranged within and longitudinally of said tubular andouter member. is employed in introducing the hot metal piece B into thedie A. and said piece is hexagonal and smaller in 'cross-sectionthan thefinished nut-blank and enough smaller than the bore a in cross-sectionto render it capable of easily entering said bore, and preferably thehot piece is smaller in diameter between two diametrically oppositecorners w thereiof than between any other two diarretricallyA oppositecorners of said piece, as shown in In` ig. 1 'of the drawings themembers C and D of the Vhereinbefore mentioned plunger are shown flushor in line transversely at-'their forward end faces, andsaid mem-*- bersare movable endwise together or independently of each other. The hotpiece B is of course heldin any approved manner between the/die A andsaid plunger preparatory tothe forward movement of theplunger/whereuponl both plunger-members C and D are advanced so as tointroduce the hot piece into the die, as shown in Fig. 1..

The outer plunger-member C of course conforms in cross-section, as shownin Fig. 11, toy the internal contour of the die. in crosssection, andthe inner plunger-member D is circular in cross-section, as shown inFigs. 5, 6 and 11, and preferably somewhat rounded at its' forward endface, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 10. The innerplunger-member D substantially corresponds in diameter to the diameterof the kbore to be formed in the hot piece'B by said .innerplunger-member as will hereinafter appear. It will be observed that thehot piece B is fed into and endwise of the die A from one end of thebore a in the die, `and an endwise movable blankejectorV E extends inany position thereof into the die from the opposite end of said bore andis spaced in its extreme rearward position, shown in Figs. 1,2, 3, 7, 8and 9,

far enough from the forward end of the die to permit the hot piece,which is to be operated on'within the die, to be inserted into thedie bythe plunger and to permit the plunger-members C and D to move Awithinthe die during the movement of and operation on said piece within thedie. The

ejector E of course conforms in cross-section externally tothe internalcontour ofthe die 1n cross-section, as shown in Fig. 4, and a punch G isarranged centrally and longitudinally of the ejector. `The ejector E istherefore tubular, and said ejector and the punch G are shiftableendwise independently of each other. In their extreme rearward position,shown in Figs. 1,2, 3, 7 and 8, saidpunch and said ejector are Hush attheir forward en d faces. It will be observed `'that theouterplunger-member D andthe vejector E correspond in external and Vinternaldiameter andare arranged in line ofthe outer'plunger-member C and ashaving moved-the hot piece B within and endtact with the projections'cofthe ejector, as shown in Fig-2. The forward movement of the outerplunger-member is arrested at such a predetermined moment that when theinner plunger-member D has fed the hot piece into contact with theejector the outer plunger-member is spaced from said piece a distancemeasuring more than one-half of the distance between the'end faces ofsaid piece, as shown in Fig.l 2, so that both plunger-members can, uponthe feeding of the` hot piece into contact with the projections c of theejector by the inner plunger-member,

during the forward movement of said inner plunger-member against thecentral portion of the, adjacent end face of 'the hot piece while theejector and the punch remain stationary and thereby support andconseuentlyv exert pressure against substantially `t e whole of theother end face of said piece so as to effect the formation, by saidinner plunger-member, of a bore b which extends from the first-mentionedface into and endwise of the hot piece a suitable distance in thedirection of the second-mentioned face but not through said piece. Itwill be observed therefore that A,during the forward movement of ltheinner plunger-member into the hot metal piece pressure is exertedagainst only the central portion ofone end face of said piece whilesupporting the other end face of said piece, and that during theformation of the bore b metal is displaced from said piece against thesurrounding walls of the bore (L in the die, and there is a displacementof metal, as at 13, Fig. 3, from the outer port-ion of the hot piecetoward and in front of the outer plunger-member, The outerplunger-member, during the formation of the bore b, is held spaced farenough from the hot piece to permit of the last-mentioned displacementof metal Without liability of the displaced metal coming into contactwith vsaid plunger-member. Upon the formation of said bore the innerplunger-member is withdrawn about or somewhat more than a sixteenthof'an inch from the end wall of the bore, as shown in be advancedtogether, and so that, while Fig. 7, to remove the pressurev or supportfrom said wall but not far enough to remove support from the surroundingwall of said bore. Thereupon the outer plunger-member, while the innerplunger-member and the ejector and the punch are held stationary in theposition shown in Fig. 7 and while the inner plunger-member is affordingsupport to the surrounding wall of said bore, is advanced independentlyof the inner plunger-member from its posit-ion shown in Fig. 3 into theposition shown in Fig. 7,-that is, such a. distance as to cause thedisplaced metal 13 to be forced in the direction of the ejector andthereby insure the formation of a nut-blank which is perfect in externalcontigui-ation and in fine condition throughout. It will be observedtherefore that while the hot metal piece has its displaced metal 13 atone end face of said piece forced by the outer plunger-member in thedirection of the ejector the surrounding wall of the bore b is supportedby the inner plunger-member and the whole of the other end face of thehot piece is supported by the ejector and the punch. and that obviouslysaid punch and the ejector exert pressure against the whole of thelast-mentioned face during the pressing operation of the outerplunger-member. The removal of pressure from the inner end wall of thebore b while the surrounding Wall ofthe bore is still supported duringthe exerting of pressure against the whole of the last-mentioned faceand against .the outer portion of the other end face of the hot piecepermits of the displacement of metal from said wall in the direction ofthe outer end of the bore should there be yan excess of metal in the hotpiece, so that undue tightening of said piece in the die, and shrinkageand consequent unduly tightening of said piece onto the innerplungermember during the exertion of pressurev against the ends of saidpiece by the outer plunger-member and b v the ejector and the punch. asshown in Fig. 7, are prevented.

Upon pressing the hot piece by and between the outer plunger-memberl andthe ejector. as shown in Fig. 7, the said plungermember is withdrawnfrom the hot .piece about or somewhat lnore than a sixteenth of an inch.as shown in Fig. 8. and the inner plunger-member is ivithdrawn from saidpiece into the outer plunger-member a suitable distance beyond the faceof the outer plunger-member. as showny 1n Figs. 8. 9 and"V 10. so thatpressure has been removed from the end faces of the hot piece. Then thepunch G, while the ejector and the outer plunger-member are' heldstationary, is advanced and thereby feeds the hot piece away from theejector and into Contact with the outer plunger-member. as shown in Fig.9, whereupon, while the ejector is held stationary and spaced from thehot piece and while saidpiece is held by the outer plunger-memberagainst movement farther' from the ejector, the punch is advanced farenough, as shown in Fig. 10, to punch the metal 14 between the inner endof the bore band the punch in the direction of the inner plungermemberand thereby separate said metal from the remainder of the hot piece andforce said metal through said bore and into the outer plunger-member infront of the inner plunger-member, asshown in Fig. 10, so as tocompletethe formation of ahole extending endwise of and through theresulting` blank, while the crowned end face of said blank isunsupported circumferentially of said hole and while the other end faceof the blank is supported circumferentially of said hole. The removal ofpressure ,from the crowned end face of the hot piece by spacing saidpiece from the ejector preparatory to punching the metal .14 from saidpiece permits ofthe displacement of metal from said.

piece at the outer portion of said facein the direction of the ejector.that is, in a direction opposite to the direction in which the metal 11is punched from the hot' piece,- should there bean excess of metal inthe said piece. so that undue tightening of said piece in the die, andshrinkage and consequent unduly tightening of said piece onto the punchduring the punching of said metal 14 from said piece. are prevented.

After the metal 1-1- has been punched from the hot piece in the mannerhereinbefore described the outer plunger-member is withdrawn arenoughfrom the die to, permit the ejector'to advance and discharge theresulting tubular nut-blank from the die, whereupon the ejector isreturned into its most rearward position and the inner plunger-member isadvanced independently of the outer plunger-member the distance requiredto effect the discharge from the outer plunger-member of the metal 14previously delivered! into the outer plungermember, and thereupon thetwo plungermembers are positioned as required preparatory to the feedingof another hot metal piece into the die.

I would here remark that not unimportant to a successful practice of myinven- -tion is to have the hot metal piece to be and by the punchsimultaneously is avoided, so as to prevent displacementz of too muchmetal at one time and tohelp in insuring that the hot piece Vshall notbe shrunk or unduly tightened on the punch and inner plunger-member. l

1. VIn the art of making forgedor hotpressed nut-blanks, an improvementconsisting in inclosing the hot metal piece circumferentially of itsrange of movement While being Operated on and exerting pressure againstonly the central portion of one end A face of saidI piece Whilesupporting the other end face of said piece and thereby forming a borewhich -extends endwise of said piecev from the first-mentioned face inthe direction of the second-mentioned face,

then removing the pressure .from the end said hole and While thefirst-mentioned face j is supported circumferentiallyof said hole. Inthe art of making nut-blanks,v an

improvement-consisting in inclosing the hot metal piececircumferentially of its range of movement While being operated on andexerting pressure against only the centrall portion of one end face ofsaid piece While `supporting the other end face of said piece andthereby forming a bore which extends endwise of said piece from thefirst-mentioned face and permitting said piece to have metal displacedtherefrom atthe outer portion of said first-mentioned face, thenremoving the pressure from the endivall of said bore and exertingpressure against said outer portion of said first-mentioned face Whiltlsupporting the surrounding Wall of said boreand While supporting thesecondmentioned face, then removing Vthe support from the last-mentionedwall and exerting pressure against only the central portion of thesecond-mentioned face and in ,line end- Wise with vthe aforesaid boreWhile supporting the aforesaid outer portionof the firstmentioned faceand thereby separating the metal between the inner end of said bore andthe second-mentioned face from the remainder of the hot piece andcompleting the formation of a hole extending endwise of and through theresulting'blank.

3. In the art of making nut-blanks', an improvement consisting ininclosing the hot Inet-al piece circumferentially of its reefmovementWhile being operated on and exerting pressure against only the centralportion of one end face of said piece while supporting the other endface of said piece and thereby forming a bore extending endwise of saidpiece from the first-mentioned face,

then exerting pressure against the outer portion of said first-mentionedface While supporting the surroundin'giwall of said bore and Whilesupporting the second-mentioned face, and then removing the pressure orsupport from the outer portion of said secondmentioned face and from thesurrounding Wall of said bore and exerting pressure against only thecentral portion of the sec-A ond-mentioned face in line endwise withsaid bore While supporting the hot piece at the outer portion of thefirst-mentioned face and thereby separating the metal between the innerend of said bore and the secondmentioned face from the remainder of saidpiece. y 1i.

4. In the art of making nut-blanks, an improvement consisting ininclosing the hot metal piece circumferentially of its range of movementWhile being operated on and eX- erting pressure against only thecent-ral portion of one end face of said piece while supportin the otherend face of said piece and there ly forming a bore extending from thefirst-mentioned face in the direction of the second-mentioned face, thenremoving the pressure against the end wall of said bore and exertingpressure against the outer portion of the first-mentioned face Whilesupporting the surrounding wall of said bore and vWhile supporting thesecond-mentio'ned face, then removing the pressure `from the outerportion of said second-mentioned face, and then punching the metalbetween the inner end of said bore and the second-mentioned face andthereby separating said nietalfrOni the remainder` of the hot piece andcompleting the formation of a hole extending endwise of and through theresulting blank while the second-mentioned face is unsupportedcircumferentially of said -hole and whilethe first-mentioned face issupported circumferentially of saidA hole.

5. In the art of makinga hexagonal nutblank `Vwhich has substantiallythe same diameter between any ltwo diametrically opposite cornersthereof, an improvment'consisting in providing a hexagonal hot metalApiece which is smaller in vdiameter between twodiametrically oppositecorners thereof than between any other .diametrically opposite cornersof the piece and lnclosing sald piece in a chamber Which substantiallycorresponds in cross-section to the aforesaid nut-blank, then exertingpressure against .only the central' portion of'one end face of the hotpiece while supporting the other end .t

face of said piece andthereby forming a bore extending endwise of saidpiece from the first-mentioned face, then exerting pres- `blank whichhas substantially the same diamete'r between any t-wo diametricallyopposite corners thereof, an improvement eonsisting in providing ahexagonal hot metal piece whih is smaller in diameter between twodiametrically opposite corners thereof than between any otherdiametrically opposite corners of the piece and inclosing said piece ina chamber substantially corresponding in cross-section to the aforesaidblank, then exerting pressure against only the eentral portion of oneend face of the hot piece while supporting the other end face of said lpiece and thereby forming a bore extending endwise of said piece fromthe first-mentioned face, then removing the pressure -supporting thesecond-mentioned face, and

then removing the pressure or support from the outer portion of saidSecond-mentioned face and exerting pressure against only the centralportion of the second-mentioned face in line endwise withsaid bore whilesupporting the outer portionof the first-mentioned face and therebyseparating the metal between the inner end 'of said bore and thesecond-mentioned face from the remainder of the hot piece.`

In testimony whereof, I sign the foregoing specification, in thepresence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH A. COSTELLO.

Witnesses:

A. W. MASSEY, B. C. BROWN.

